Crimson Publishers-Civil Engineering Journal

A Simple Biological Treatment for a Slaughterhouse Wastewater : Crimson Publishers A Simple Biological Treatment for a Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Rafaela Paes de Souza Barbosa, Maria Magdalena Ribas Döll* and Ana Cláudia Barana in  Civil Engineering & Technology Wastewater coming from slaughterhouses by-products contains high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, salts, and so on. The effluent comes from the water used to wash the animals, scalding, washing the floor and the machines, cleaning of equipment, etc. Before discharging the effluent in the water body, the effluent needs to be treated. To remove the large amount of organic matter and nutrients this study proposed the use of a combined system composed by three biological reactors: anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic. The best removal efficiencies were 90% for COD and 50% for NH4+-N, what decreases large pollutant potential. https://crimsonpublishers.com/acet/fulltext/ACET.000512.php For more o...

Climate-friendly Construction and Renovation is the Key Task of the Building Sciences in this Century :  Crimson Publishers Climate-friendly Construction and Renovation is the Key Task of the Building Sciences in this Century by Peter Häupl* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology By means of a practicable model the hourly values of indoor air temperature and humidity in relation to the external climate, the building parameters (geometry, thermohygric material parameters), the ventilation and the use of the internal space (heat and moisture sources and interior heating system). Three hourly energy- and moisture balances are the key part of the model. The first two equations contain the storage of energy and moisture on the outside surface of the building by climatic loading. Secondly the energy and moisture transport by conduction, radiation and ventilation through the structure and windows has been quantified. https://crimsonpublishers.com/acet/fulltext...

The Influence of Concrete Roads on Safety and Energy Saving in Tunnels : Crimson Publishers The Influence of Concrete Roads on Safety and Energy Saving in Tunnels by Stefan Krispel, Gerald Maier* and Martin Peyerl in  Open Journal of Civil Engineering Tunnels and underpasses are indispensable for the infrastructure and represent significant structures for the individual road traffic and the economy. An appropriate illumination of the traffic area (e.g. road surface and tunnel wall) is the most efficient contribution, not only to the safety, but also to the running costs of the tunnel. Brightness and light distribution in tunnels are not only influenced by the type and the performance of lighting, but also to a large extent by the optical properties of the road surface and the tunnel walls (i.g. brightness, reflectivity and degree of contamination). Therefore an appropriate choice of the building materials in terms of their optical properties is, beside the traditional ma...

The Effects of Engineering Education and Government Policy in Driving Innovation among Engineering Graduates in Nigeria : Crimson Publishers The Effects of Engineering Education and Government Policy in Driving Innovation among Engineering Graduates in Nigeria by Olawale Oshokoya* in  Open Journal of Civil Engineering The global world is rapidly changing and technological advancement is spreading through continents at the speed of thought. Along with these advancements come unique challenges that have not been faced before. United Nations (UN) have published reports discussing the future challenges of the world and have shown that the challenges faced by developed countries due to technological advancement and urbanization is not peculiar to them alone. Developing nations are also faced with similar challenges and even more daunting ones. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to identify some of these challenges and discuss the causes and the solutions appropriate to th...

Designing a Two‐Floor Urban Traffic Tunnel by Using NATM Tunneling Method in Tehran Alluvium with Shallow Overburden under Modares Highway : Crimson Publishers Designing a Two‐Floor Urban Traffic Tunnel by Using NATM Tunneling Method in Tehran Alluvium with Shallow Overburden under Modares Highway by Aliakbar Golshani*, Baharak Alinejad and Sina Majidian in  Open Journal of Civil Engineering In this paper construction of urban traffic tunnel in disturbed soil stratum based on New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) has been investigated. As a case study, Modares tunnel which is a part of Arash‐Esfandiar‐Niyayesh Project has been considered. This tunnel has been designed to connect and reduce the traffic volume between Modares highway and Niyayesh Highway in north of Tehran‐Iran. The ellipsoid shape of this tunnel, with two floors and the shallow depth, and its location in disturbed soil stratum, the large section of tunnel and the existence of embedded cannels makes Modare...

Single Crystal Organic Photovoltaic Cells : Crimson Publishers Single Crystal Organic Photovoltaic Cells by  Masahiro Hiramoto* and Mitsuru Kikuchi in    Open Journal of Civil Engineering Carrier mobilities of organic single crystals reached greater than 10 cm2 V-1s-1 [1,2]. Such high mobility was observed for carriers moving laterally through the material due to π-π stacking parallel to the crystal surface. Conventional organic solar cells are built vertically on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates with a sandwich-type structure [3-6]. However, the thickness of such solar cells with blended layers of donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules, which are indispensable to dissociate excitons, is limited to just around 100nm due to the problem of carrier collection arising from imperfections in the electron and hole transport routes in the blended layer. If the photogenerated electrons and holes can be transported laterally and collected, we can be freed from the ...

Inter Terminal Transport in Port Areas around the Globe : Crimson Publishers Inter Terminal Transport in Port Areas around the Globe by Qu Hu, Francesco, Corman and Bart Wiegmans* in  Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology Generally, inter-terminal transport (ITT) refers to the container transport between terminals and service centers (e.g., empty depots) using any type of transport modes Duinkerken et al. [1], Heilig & Voss [2]. Moving containers between terminals inside a port might seem unreasonable as it leads to extra service time and cost. However, ITT is somehow inevitable in most major ports, and the reason could be twofold. https://crimsonpublishers.com/acet/fulltext/ACET.000506.php

A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit Solar Gains :  Crimson Publishers A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit Solar Gains by Enrico Caffagni, Antonio Libbra, Alberto Muscio* and Luca Tarozzi in  Open Journal of Civil Engineering An effective approach to ventilation of pitched roofs has been developed. It is aimed at mitigating summer overheating of inhabited rooms located immediately below the roof. The air flows in a ventilation layer made of parallel ducts and built between roof coverings and insulation, thus subtracting heat from the roof structure. It is then collected by a header and eventually discharged into the atmosphere by a extraction fan. The problem of obtaining a homogeneous flow distribution in the ventilation layer is solved by a very simple regulation mechanism, placed in the header and adjusted on site. The adjustment procedure is based on measurements of surface temperature distribution performed by an infrared c...

Stabilising Earth Brick with Palm Kernel Oil Residue for Construction of Low Cost Housing :  Crimson Publishers Stabilising Earth Brick with Palm Kernel Oil Residue for Construction of Low Cost Housing by Yalley PP* and Badu E in  Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology The quest to explore alternative stabilising materials to fully or partially replace conventional stabilisers for improved engineering properties of earth bricks has resulted in an increased investigation into the potential use of agricultural and industrial waste as earth stabilisers. This study sought to determine the mechanical and durability properties of earth bricks stabilised with palm kernel oil residue (PKOR). The earth sample was prepared in accordance with BS 1881-127:1983 bricks stabilized with various percentages of PKOR were produced and tested for compressive strength, abrasion resistance and water absorption after 28-day curing age. The results showed that, ear...