Urban Flash Floods Mitigations: Enhancing the Link between Water, Sanitation and Energy Services in Urban Settings in the MENA Region_Crimson Publishers

 Urban Flash Floods Mitigations: Enhancing the Link between Water, Sanitation and Energy Services in Urban Settings in the MENA Region by Amgad Elmahdi in Crimson publishers: Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology


For centuries, the control and delivery of water has shaped states and economies across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In the 20th century, key infrastructure development tamed key river systems for water supply and led to huge expansion in irrigation, as population nearly quadrupled. More recently, MENA has experienced severe water stress against a background of recurring droughts and worsening environmental degradation, rapid urbanization and persistent food insecurity, compounded by conflict and civil unrest, giving rise to mass migration [1]. It is important to distinguish between water services availability, accessibility and quality. According to the Manual on the Human Rights to safe drinking water and sanitation for practitioners, water supply availability refers to the reliable quantity of water supply, while accessibility refers to the ‘time and distance’ needed to get access to the water supply. While water services might be available, it does not necessarily mean that they are accessible, as water could be available in terms of quantity but of poor quality that makes it also inaccessible. Additionally, climate change is projected to have serious implications on water resources and services. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in 2014, it is expected that extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and flash floods will increase in both frequency and intensity under a projected warmer atmosphere [2]. This will add more challenges to the existing and established services infrastructure. In arid regions, most of the infrastructures are not designed to handle such extreme events in particular heavy and intense rain events. Where infrastructure is not often designed on extreme events with long return period in order not to raise the cost of construction and hinder the development process, especially in developing countries [2].


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Scanning Electron Microscope Configuration of Recycled Carbon Fiber Composites: Mini Review_Crimson Publishers

Image
Scanning Electron Microscope Configuration of Recycled Carbon Fiber Composites: Mini Review by Seyed Hossein Mamanpush in Crimson Publishers : Open Journal of Civil Engineering Carbon fiber composites (CFCs) were mechanically refined and classified the scanning electron microscope (SEM) configuration of untreated and heat-treated mechanically recycled carbon fiber epoxy and carbon fiber vinyl ester composite was examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM Results indicate that the main defects in the structure of recycled CFCs are broken fibers, fiber pull-out, fiber-matrix separation. Also Comparing SEM of untreated and heat-treated recycled CFC indicates that there is no significant difference between their micrographs. https://crimsonpublishers.com/acet/fulltext/ACET.000542.php For more open access journals in   Crimson Publishers   please click on the link   https://crimsonpublishersresearch.com/ For more articles in  Open Journal ...
Read more

Tensile Behavior of Single Cast-in Anchors in Plastic Hinge Zones_Crimson Publishers

Image
Tensile Behavior of Single Cast-in Anchors in Plastic Hinge Zones by Jian Zhao in  Crimson Publishers :  Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology This paper presents two tests of ¾-in. diameter cast-in anchors embedded in the plastic hinge zone of reinforced concrete columns. Design codes, such as ACI 318-11, do not allow concrete anchors in concrete that could be substantially damaged during an earthquake unless special reinforcement is provided. Recent studies have concluded that key role of anchor reinforcement, in addition to carrying the forces from the anchors, is to protect concrete around the anchors from splitting, breaking out, and crushing. The anchor reinforcement in this study was designed according to the recommendation. The column specimens were subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading before the test anchors were loaded in tension. Ductile steel fracture was achieved in both test anchors despite cracks and concrete spalling occurred to the concret...
Read more

Creation of Formula to Predict Time and Cost Benefit by Using 5D BIM Rather than Traditional Method of Construction_Crimson Publishers

Image
Creation of Formula to Predict Time and Cost Benefit by Using 5D BIM Rather than Traditional Method of Construction by Arif khan in  Crimson Publishers :  Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology Building Information Modeling (BIM) is becoming a well-known established collaboration process in the construction industry. Owners are increasingly requiring BIM services from construction managers, architects and engineering firms. Many international construction firms are now investing in “BIM” technologies during bidding, preconstruction, construction and post construction. The goal of this research is to understand and examine the uses and benefits of 5D BIM for construction project of Pakistan. There are three objectives to this research. First is to make comparative analysis of an existing high rise building with reference to scheduling and cost as done by traditional method. Second is to develop 5D model of high rise building with help of autodesk revit and auto...
Read more