Analytical Analysis: Hybrid Triple Skin Stainless Steel Tubular Columns Filled with Uhpfrcand Externally Gfrp-Jacketed Under Lateral Impact Load_ Crimson Publishers

Abdel Rahim [1] proposed many modifications on the CFDST specimens which were carried out by Zhao et al. [2]. Continuosly, this opinion manuscript proposes further design modifications. By extending double skin CFST to hybrid triple skin CFST with an extra Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcement layer installed on the outer stainlesssteel tube. In addition, this design modification which is anticipated by the author of this opinion paper has three concrete fill sandwich layers. The first concrete fill sandwich layer lays between the outer stainless steel tube and the inner second layer carbon steel tube. Besides, the first concrete fill sandwich layer will be filled with Ultra High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Polymer (UHPFRC). Furthermore, the second concrete fill sandwich layer lays between the inner second layer carbon steel tube and the inner third layer carbon steel tube. Moreover, the second concrete fill sandwich layer will be filled with Normal Strength Concrete (NSC). Moreover, the third concrete fill sandwich layer will be located in the core of the inner third skin carbon steel tube. In addition, the third concrete fill sandwich layer will be filled with Normal Strength Concrete (NSC). Besides, the outer stainless-steel tube will wrapped with one layer of GFRP with an elastic modulus of 23GPa, a tensile strength of 508MPa and a thickness of 0.49mm with reference to the material properties indicated by Alam et al. [3]. Also, the numerical modeling and analysis for this proposed design will take into consideration an adhesive with elastic modulus of 3GPa and a tensile strength of 46MPa as recommended by Alam et al. [3]. This adhesive will be used in gluing the GFRP reinforcement layer to the outer stainless steel tube. Even though, Alam et al. [3] did not mention the thickness of the adhesive, the author of this paper has assumed it to be one third of the thickness of the GFRP layer (assumed adhesive thickness approximately 0.16mm). Afterwards, the structural behavior will be assisted under transverse impact loading. Moreover, the results obtained will be compared with the experimental results achieved by Zhao et al. [2] to determine the percentage of increase in the impact resistivity of this design scheme. The design scheme of this study consists of eighteen numerical models (simulation numbers 109 to 126). Moreover, three main variables will be evaluated. These are (1) diameter of internal carbon steel tube, (2) magnitude of axial load and (3) drop height. Besides, the list which presented in Table 1 includes details of the simulation numbers, specimens tag numbers, type of modification for this stage, diameter and thickness of the steel tubes, length of the specimens, magnitude of axial load, drop heights, impact mass, impact energy and geometry and size of indenter.

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